Wholesale VoIP offerings typically bundle several core services:
Voice Termination- The most basic service: carrying outbound calls from the customer’s network to a destination PSTN or mobile network. A wholesale termination service will route the call via VoIP to the local carrier at the destination. It may offer CLI (caller ID) or non-CLI options (more below). For example, Yeastar explains: “VoIP termination routes outbound calls between networks using IP-based carriers… The service supports both CLI and non-CLI routing options.”. Wholesale termination can cover fixed-line numbers, mobile numbers, toll-free numbers, etc.
Voice Origination (DIDs/Virtual Numbers)-Also called inbound service, this provides customers with phone numbers (also known as DIDs – Direct Inward Dialing numbers) in various countries. Calls to these virtual numbers are routed over IP to the customer. This lets businesses have a local presence anywhere. For example, a company in the U.S. might get a U.K. number; incoming U.K. calls then ride over the wholesale VoIP network to the U.S. endpoint. Yeastar notes this: “VoIP origination provides virtual phone numbers that route calls through Internet protocols rather than physical lines. These Direct Inward Dialing (DID) numbers enable businesses to establish local presence globally.
SIP Trunking-While technically an architecture rather than a service itself, SIP trunking is the means by which customers connect their on-premises or cloud PBX to the wholesale network. A SIP trunk is essentially a virtual bundle of call channels delivered over IP. With SIP trunks, enterprises can send and receive calls via the Internet rather than analog/digital lines. As described by Yeastar: “SIPTrunking enables PBX systems to connect to the PSTN via internet protocols, replacing traditional phone lines… delivering voice services through virtual connections instead of physical circuits”Wholesale SIP trunks often support large numbers of concurrent calls (hundreds or thousands) and can be provisioned rapidly via API.
 SIP Interconnection and Carrier Links- Wholesale providers usually offer direct SIP interconnects to major carriers and IXPs. This means they maintain agreements and technical links to terminate calls with dozens or hundreds of national operators. From a customer perspective, the wholesaler abstracts all this interconnection. While not always labeled as a separate “service,” interconnection is implicit: it’s how the termination routes are delivered. Many wholesalers highlight that they operate on their own Tier-1 softswitches and IP links, ensuring direct quality.
A–Z Voice Routes (Global Coverage)- A key capability of top wholesalers is A–Z coverage: the ability to route calls to virtually any country in the world. “A–Z” termination means a provider can route a call to any destination on the map — from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. In practice, this means you don’t have to stitch together dozens of bilateral agreements; a single A–Z wholesaler provides a one-stop global rate sheet. For example, one provider advertises “One Provider, Global Reach” meaning all countries are reachable via their network. Having A–Z reach is critical for service providers targeting global markets or offering international calling.
Other services often bundled with wholesale VoIP include:
Number Management and Porting- APIs or portals to acquire, manage and port phone numbers
(DIDs) across countries.
Analytics and APIs- Real-time reporting on call metrics (ASR, ACD, usage) and integration APIs for
automating ordering and billing.
Security features- Options like SIP authentication, IP whitelisting, and STIR/SHAKEN attestation for
CLI calls.
Carrier-grade SLAs.